ErP directives for fans and electric motors (EU 2019/1781 & 327/2011)
The energy performance of fans and electric motors is regulated under European Energy-related Products (ErP) legislation. These regulations require manufacturers and end users to implement energy-efficient motors and fans. In this article, you’ll learn about the current requirements and applicable exceptions.
What are the ErP directives?
The ErP (Energy-related Products) directives are part of the EU’s strategy to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO₂ emissions. For electric motors and fans, two specific regulations apply:
- EU 2019/1781: Electric motors and variable speed drives (since 1 July 2021)
- EU 327/2011: Fans between 125 W and 500 kW
These regulations support the EU’s broader climate goals:
- 20% less energy consumption
- 20% less CO₂ emissions
- 20% more renewable energy
ErP regulation for electric motors (EU 2019/1781)
Since 1 July 2021, the old directive EU 640/2009 has been replaced by EU 2019/1781, which significantly extends the efficiency requirements:
What has changed?
- Applies to motor power ratings from 0.12 to 1000 kW
- Now includes 8-pole motors
- Variable speed drives are explicitly covered
- New requirements for special motor types, such as:
- Explosion-proof motors (ATEX)
- Brake motors
- Motors for high ambient temperatures
Minimum efficiency classes:
- IE2 for variable speed applications
- IE3 for fixed-speed applications
- IE4 mandatory for specific applications as of July 2023
These requirements apply to motors connected directly to the mains. When using a variable speed drive, slightly different efficiency thresholds may apply.
ErP regulation for fans (EU 327/2011)
The EU 327/2011 regulation remains in force for fans with electrical input power between 125 W and 500 kW. It sets minimum efficiency requirements for the complete fan unit (motor + impeller + controls if applicable).
Fan types covered by this regulation:
- Axial fans
- Centrifugal fans (forward- or backward-curved)
- Tangential fans
- Mixed-flow fans
Each fan category has its own minimum efficiency requirements, defined by an efficiency parameter (“N”).
Note:
The European Commission is currently reviewing this regulation, with the aim to:
- Introduce stricter efficiency requirements
- Include emerging technologies
- Improve alignment with real-world performance data
A revised fan regulation is expected around 2025–2026.
Exceptions to the ErP requirements
Certain applications are excluded from the ErP regulations. These include:
- Fans > 500 kW at maximum power
- Applications for air above 100 °C
- Fans used in corrosive or aggressive environments (e.g., stainless steel, plastics)
- ATEX fans (explosion-hazard zones)
- Smoke and heat exhaust fans (F200–F600, according to EN 12101-3)
- Jet fans and induction fans in parking garages
For these products, other standards and directives apply, such as ATEX 2014/34/EU or EN 12101-3.
What to keep in mind for 2025?
Most manufacturers already supply motors and fans that meet the current ErP requirements. Still, it’s wise to check for each new delivery or replacement project whether:
- The motor complies with EU 2019/1781
- The fan falls within the scope of EU 327/2011
- The application is exempt from the directives
- A variable speed drive is needed (for IE2 motors)
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Frequently asked questions about ErP directives
What is the difference between IE2, IE3, and IE4 motors?
These classes indicate the energy efficiency level of electric motors. The higher the IE class, the more efficient the motor. IE2 is allowed only with a variable speed drive; IE3 or higher is standard for direct-on-line motors.
Which directive applies to smoke extraction fans (F300, F400)?
These fall outside EU 327/2011 and must comply with EN 12101-3, which focuses on smoke and heat exhaust in case of fire.
Is EU 327/2011 still valid?
Yes, but the European Commission is working on an update. A new directive is expected in 2025 or 2026.
Do ErP requirements apply when replacing existing installations?
ErP requirements apply to new products on the market. For replacements, it’s not always mandatory, but it’s recommended to choose an energy-efficient solution.
Am I allowed to use an IE2 motor?
For three phase motors if the motor power is in between 0,12 and included 0,75 kW) or for single phase motors if the motor power is higher than 0,12 kW.